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Army Standing Instruction (Personnel), Part 3, Chapter 2
s22
e.
Physical Fitness. In order to operate effectively and efficiently in arduous physical and mental
conditions across the spectrum of conflict, Army personnel are to be physically conditioned IAW
ASI (P) Medical Part 8 Chap 4 Physical Training. Army personnel are to remain physically fit in
order to undertake both general military duties and special occupational functions. They must pass
Correct as at 22 Aug 23

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3.1–5
a Basic Fitness Assessment (BFA) once every six months for Permanent/Regular members and
once every 12 months for Reserve members. D1 PMKeyS automatically defaults to an assessment
of ‘Not Ready’ (six months for Permanent/Regular members and 12 months for Reserve members)
after the last recorded BFA date. PTIs and unit Orderly Room/APAC/CSC staff are responsible for
ensuring data is entered into D1 PMKeyS.  The following are guidelines for compliance to this
component of AIRN:

(1)
Unit commander. Unit commanders are responsible for the planning and conduct of
physical conditioning programs and the conduct of physical fitness assessments. They are
responsible to ensure that all personnel comply with the stipulated basic fitness standards
and that the level of physical fitness of each member is assessed at least once every six
months for Permanent/Regular personnel and 12 months for Reserve members.

(2)
Medical staff. Medical staff are to advise commanders regarding the ability of members to
participate in physical conditioning activities and to complete the BFA. This advice is to be
specific where possible to allow members to participate in those areas not affected by their
restriction.

(3)
Physical Training Instructors (PTI) / unit administration staff. PTI and unit
administration staff are responsible to support the Unit commander’s administrative
mechanisms and to ensure that the physical fitness component of individual readiness is
recorded correctly in D1 PMKeyS.

(4)
Individuals. All Army personnel are to ensure that they comply with the physical fitness
requirements of AIRN.

(5)
Assessment/requirement. The assessment regime for Permanent/Regular and Reserve
personnel consists of undertaking a BFA. The BFA is to be conducted at least once every
six months for Permanent/Regular and 12 months for Reserve members. Unit commanders
and individuals are reminded that D1 PMKeyS will automatically record a member as
‘Not Ready’ six months after the last recorded BFA.

(6)
Basic Fitness Assessment. The performance standards and procedure to be followed for
the BFA are detailed in ASI (P) Medical Part 8 Chap 4 Physical Training.

(7)
Failure to meet the standard. If after the three periods of assessment as detailed in
ASI (P) Medical Part 8 Chap 4 Physical Training, an individual is unable to meet the
standards specified they are to be assessed as ‘Not Ready’ for the individual physical
fitness proficiency component.  The member is to be placed on an appropriate
administrative warning IAW MILPERSMAN Part 9 Chap 2 Formal Warnings and Censures
in the Australian Defence Force and given the required period as detailed in
ASI (P) Medical Part 8 Chap 4 Physical Training to achieve the standard or be considered
for termination. Where all reasonable consideration has been given and where the reason
for non-compliance is within the member’s control, termination action is to commence.
Termination is to occur IAW MILPERSMAN Part 10 Chap 2 Termination of Service in the
Australian Defence Force.
s22

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Army Standing Instruction (Personnel), Part 8, Chapter 4
ANNEX 4B
RESPONSIBILITIES
s22
4.2.
Members. Members are to:
a.
maintain baseline fitness IAW individual readiness requirements and
standards
b.
achieve applicable Physical Employment Standard as required by unit or
command,
c.
achieve and maintain any additional level of physical fitness as directed by
their Commander
d.
alert their Commander, or person conducting the PT of any personal factors
that may affect their ability to conduct PT (such as injury, illness,
medications, etc.)
e.
comply with employment restrictions imposed by their treating Medical
Officer.
f.
Initiate sentinel report(s) if injured during or as a result of PT

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ANNEX 4D
STANDARDISED PHYSICAL ASSESSMENTS

4.1.
The system of standardised Army physical fitness assessments include:

s22

b.
Swimming Proficiency Assessment

c.
Basic Fitness Assessment (BFA)

d.
Physical Employment Standards Assessment (PESA)

s22

4.2.
Details of each standardised physical assessment are contained in
appendixes 1 to 5 to annex 4D.

4.3.
Routine participation in physical fitness assessments is restricted to
members that have a Military Employment Classification (MEC) of either MEC 1 or
MEC 2. Members who are MEC 3 or below are only required to complete a physical
assessment or rehabilitation fitness assessment (RFE) if recommended by their
treating Medical Officer (MO). s22

APPENDIXES
s22
2.
Army Swimming Proficiency
3.
Basic Fitness Assessment
4
Physical Employment Standards Assessment
s22

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APPENDIX 3 TO

ANNEX 4D
BASIC FITNESS ASSESSMENT
GENERAL
4.1.
The BFA is a mandated assessment aimed at measuring baseline fitness
IAW a member’s gender and age.

4.2.
The BFA is not a maximal output assessment and consists of two strength
activities and an assessment of aerobic capacity:

a.
push-ups

b.
sit-ups

c.
2.4 km run or 5 km walk.

s22
4.4.
Sequence. The BFA is to be conducted in a single session in the following
sequence:

a.
supervised warm-up

b.
push-ups

c.
sit-ups

d.
2.4 km run or 5 km walk

e.
supervised cool down.

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4.7.
Preparation. The BFA assesses baseline fitness, therefore all members of
the Army are expected to pass without prior formalised training or prior warning.

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s22
BFA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

4.10.
Members must achieve the baseline standards for their age and gender as
detailed in enclosures 3 & 4 of appendix 3.
s22

SUPPORTING ASSESSMENTS

Strength capacity

4.12.
The maintenance of appropriate levels of strength capacity support specific
military capability. The supporting strength assessments included in the BFA are
based on their simplicity and their general support to many military tasks.

4.13.
Upper body strength. Push-ups provide an indication of upper body
strength and endurance as well as stabilising abdominal strength. Upper body
strength is linked to the ability to carry load.

4.14.
Abdominal strength. The cadence sit-up provides an indication of
abdominal strength and endurance. Abdominal strength is vital in supporting the
body through a range of military tasks. A strong abdominal region will assist in
reducing the incidence of back injury when combined with correct lifting technique.

Aerobic capacity

4.15.
A common assessment of aerobic capacity is to determine maximal oxygen
uptake (VO2 max). VO2 max is the maximum ability of the body to transport oxygen
to the muscles for energy generation. Aerobic fitness, as indicated in VO2 max, is
strongly linked to work performance and in determining risk of injury. Higher VO2
max indicates greater performance potential, lower risk of injury and improved health.
The 2.4 km run and 5 km walk assess aerobic capacity, locomotor endurance and
provide an indication of performance and health. Members are timed running a 2.4
km course set over sealed and generally level ground. The 5 km walk activity may be
used where the 2.4 km run is inappropriate due to age or medical classification.

4.16.
2.4 km run. The 2.4 km run is the primary aerobic capacity assessment with
timings based on age and gender. The assessment starts on the command of the
supervisor and is concluded as each member completes the required distance.
Members should attempt to cover the distance as quickly as possible. A member may

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ENCLOSURE 2 TO

APPENDIX 3

CONDUCT OF BASIC FITNESS ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

Push-up

4.1.
All members are to complete the push-up assessment as a component of the
BFA. Push-ups assess upper body strength and endurance, as well as stabilising
abdominal strength. Upper body strength is linked to the ability to carry load. The
push-up comprises:

a.
Start position. The member lies flat on the front of the body with legs
straight and feet no more than 30 cm apart. The hands are positioned
comfortably apart (usually shoulder width apart) in a position on the ground.
Hands and feet are to be on the same level. After the command ‘ready’ is
given, the arms are fully extended so that the body is off the ground. The
body is held in a generally straight line from the shoulders to the ankles. The
starting position is also the ‘up’ position.

b.
Action:

(1)  After the command ‘begin’ is given, the body is lowered to a position
where the upper arms are parallel to the ground. The body may be
lowered further, but may not rest on the ground. The body is generally
kept in a straight line from shoulders to ankles for the duration of the
assessment. This is the ‘down’ position.

(2)  Keeping the body in a generally straight line, the arms are then fully
extended so that the body returns to the ‘up’ position. This
demonstrates one repetition.

(3)  Repetitions are performed until the member completes as many
repetitions as possible. The maximum time permitted is two minutes.

(4)  Members may rest after any repetition. The only authorised rest position
is a modified ‘up’ position. Arms are to be fully extended. Hands and
feet are to remain in contact with the ground. The body may be arched
up in the middle. Knees may be bent without touching the ground or
repositioning the hands or feet. The member must return to the ‘up’
position and pause before resuming repetitions.

4.2.
The individual grader will not count a repetition if any of the following occurs:

a.
the body is not lowered to the ‘down’ position, or

b.
the body is not returned to the ‘up’ position.

4.3.
The activity starts on the command of the supervisor and ends when:

a.
two minutes have elapsed

b.
the member has completed the required repetitions

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c.
the member rests their body on the ground, sags in the middle or raises their
hands or feet from the ground, or

d.
the activity supervisor terminates the activity based on safety concerns.

Sit-up

4.4.
All members are to complete the sit up assessment as a component of the
BFA. The cadence sit-up assesses a member’s abdominal strength and endurance.
Abdominal strength is vital in supporting the body through a range of military tasks. A
strong abdominal region when combined with correct lifting techniques can reduce
the risk of back injury. The sit up comprises of:

a.
Start position. The member lies flat on their back with heels in contact with
the ground so that their legs are bent to form an angle of approximately 90
degrees at the knees. The arms are held straight with the palms resting on
the top of the thighs. Members can elect to have their feet secured / held at
any stage during the test. This is the ‘start’ position.

b.
Action:

(1)  The neck and upper body are flexed in succession to raise the upper
body. As the upper body is raised to the ‘up’ position the hands slide up
over the knees until the wrists touch the knees. The body is then
lowered until the shoulder blades touch the floor, thereby returning to
the start position.

(2)  Repetitions are performed to a cadence of 1:3 seconds. Each repetition
is conducted in a controlled manner. Resting in the down position is
permitted provided the member maintains the required cadence.

(3)  The chin is to be kept as close to the chest as possible to stabilise the
head. The head is not to be jerked forward.

4.5.
The individual grader will not count a repetition if any of the following occurs:

a.
the hands are lifted from the thighs/knees, or jerked forward as a means of
increasing leverage or used to pull the body up

b.
the head is jerked forward

c.
the member’s heels or buttocks are lifted from the ground

d.
the member pauses in the ‘up’ position, or

e.
the member fails to complete a repetition.

4.6.
The activity starts on the command of the supervisor and ends when either of
the following occurs:

a.
the member is unable to maintain the required cadence

b.
the member has completed the required repetitions up to a maximum of 100
repetitions, or

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c.
the activity supervisor terminates the activity based on safety concerns.

2.4 km run

4.7.
All members are to complete the 2.4 km run as a component of the BFA
except members 41 years and over who may elect to complete the 5 km walk IAW
paragraph 4.8 or permanently restricted members covered by paragraph 4.10. The
2.4 km run assesses aerobic capacity, locomotor endurance and provides a
performance and health indicator. Members are timed running 2.4 km on a sealed
and generally level course:

a.
Start position. The member presents to the supervisor to confirm the
requirement to complete the assessment and is briefed on the route. The
activity starts on the command of the supervisor and is completed as each
member completes the required distance.

b.
Action. Members should attempt to cover the distance as quickly as possible
within the required standard. A member may be assisted by a ‘pacer’ to
achieve the required standard, but no form of physical assistance is
permitted.

5 km walk

4.8.
The walk assesses aerobic capacity and locomotor endurance. Members are
timed walking a 5 km course. Members should (where possible) be observed for the
duration of the activity by the supervisor:

a.
Start position. The member presents to the supervisor to confirm the
requirement to complete the assessment and is briefed on the route. The
activity starts on the command of the supervisor and is completed as each
member completes the required distance.

b.
Action. Members are required to cover the distance in the specified time. A
member may be assisted by a ‘pacer’ to achieve the required standard but no
form of physical assistance is permitted. No running is permitted and at least
one foot is to remain in contact with the ground at all times.

MODIFIED BASIC FITNESS ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES

4.9.
Members below MEC 1 who are unable to complete components of the BFA
due to their medical condition, may be approved to attempt the alternate activities.
Approval is to be granted by the member’s Commanding Officer, following
consultation with the treating medical officer.

5 km walk
s22

Modified push-up

4.11.
The modified push-up provides an alternate assessment of upper body
strength and endurance, and to a lesser degree, stabilising abdominal strength.

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Upper body strength is also linked to the ability to carry load. The modified push-up
activity comprises:

a.
Start position. The member assumes a position with hands and knees
comfortable widths apart on the ground and with arms fully extended so that
the body is off the ground. The body must be held in a generally straight line
from the shoulders to the knees. The knees and toes are to be on the
ground. The start position is also the ‘up’ position.

b.
Action:

(1)  After the command ‘begin’ is given, the body is lowered to a position
where the upper arms are parallel to the ground. The body may be
lowered further, but may not rest on the ground. The body is generally
kept in a straight line from shoulders to knees for the duration of the
assessment. This is the ‘down’ position.

(2)  Keeping the body in a generally straight line, the arms are then
extended so that the body returns to the ‘up’ position and demonstrates
one repetition.

(3)  Repetitions are to be performed until the member completes as many
repetitions as possible. The maximum time permitted is two minutes.

(4)  Hands cannot be moved towards or away from the knees to decrease
the percentage of body weight supported through the shoulders.

4.12.
The individual grader will not count a repetition if any of the following occurs:

a.
the body is not lowered to the ‘down’ position, or

b.
the body is not returned to the ‘up’ position.

4.13.
The activity starts on the command of the supervisor and ends when:

a.
two minutes have elapsed

b.
the member has completed the required repetitions

c.
the member rests the body on the ground, sags in the middle, raises their
hands or knees from the ground, or

d.
the activity supervisor terminates the activity based on safety concerns.

Modified sit-up

4.14.
The modified cadence sit-up assesses a member’s abdominal strength and
endurance. Abdominal strength is vital in supporting the body through a range of
military tasks. A strong abdominal region when combined with correct lifting
techniques can reduce the incidence of back injury. The modified sit-up comprises of:

a.
Start position. The member lies flat on their back with heels in contact with
the ground so that their legs are bent to form an angle of approximately 90
degrees at the knees. Their arms are by their side in contact with the ground

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with palms down. The fingers are touching a piece of tape. A second piece of
tape is placed 12 cm from the first. Their feet are not to be held. This is the
‘start’ position.

b.
Action:

(1)  the neck and upper body are flexed in succession to raise the upper
body. As the upper body is raised to the ‘up’ position the hands and
lower arms slide along the mat until the fingers touch the second tape.
The body is then lowered until the shoulder blades touch the floor,
thereby returning to the start position

(2)  repetitions are performed to a cadence of 1:3 seconds, each repetition
conducted in a controlled and even fashion

(3)  the chin is to be kept as close to the chest as possible to stabilise the
head.

4.15.
The individual grader will not count a repetition if any of the following occurs:

a.
the hands are lifted from the mat, or jerked forward as a means of increasing
leverage or used to pull the body up

b.
the head is jerked forward

c.
the member’s heels or buttocks are lifted from the floor

d.
the member pauses in the ‘up’ position, or

e.
the member fails to complete a repetition.

4.16.
The activity starts on the command of the supervisor and ends when:

a.
the member is unable to maintain the required cadence,

b.
the member has completed the required repetitions up to a maximum of 100
repetitions, or

c.
the activity supervisor terminates the activity based on safety concerns.

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APPENDIX 4 TO
ANNEX 4D
PHYSICAL EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ASSESSMENT

4.1.
The Physical Employment Standards Assessment (PESA) measures the
minimum level of physical capacity required for all Corps and Employment Categories
(EC). The PESA elements are based on the essential tasks required to be performed
by all members of the Army and are gender and age neutral.

4.2.
The PESA performance standards are based on the ability to achieve a task
safely, not at maximum capacity. s22

PESA CORE ELEMENTS

4.3.
The PESA consists of the following four core elements, each evaluating a key
human performance capacity:

a.
Weight load march (WLM). The WLM assessment requires soldiers to march
a specified distance with a specified load in a specified time. It tests both
aerobic power and load carrying capacity. Marching with load is a common
military task that is expected of all personnel. This assessment provides
coverage for other tasks where aerobic power is the dominant capacity limiting
performance.

b.
Fire and movement (FM). This assessment tests anaerobic power and is
closely modelled on the physical movement patterns associated with fire and
movement. Soldiers are required to move to a cadence from a prone firing
position to a distance of six metres in five seconds. This process is repeated
until the designated number of bounds is achieved. The test is not designed to
be tactically correct as it requires personnel to reach the line in a standing
position on or before the tone. Once stationary, they are to take a knee at the
end of each bound as a control measure to limit injury. The Combat Arms (CA)
standard is based on a 100 m section attack. The All-Corps (AC) standard is
based on moving forward under fire into a defensive position.

c.
Lift and carry (LC). This assessment tests local muscular endurance and
requires soldiers to carry two 22 kilogram jerry cans or two 22kg kettle bells for
a prescribed distance in 25 metre bounds. It is based on the requirement for
all soldiers to be capable of conducting a stretcher carry. A group assessment,
such as a stretcher carry, will not accurately assess an individual’s physical
capacity, therefore an individual test has been developed. Other common
military tasks included in this test comprise of repetitive manual handling tasks
during administrative resupply and movement of defensive stores.

d.
Box lift (BL). This is a test of muscular strength and requires personnel to lift
a box from the ground so that the top of the box is level to shoulder height,
then lowered to the ground under control. Correct lifting technique must be
used. Soldiers may commence the test by lifting lighter weights, progressing
up to the mass prescribed for their EC. This progressive assessment allows
assessing staff to ensure that a correct and safe lifting technique is utilised.
Whilst the BL is reflective of many trade tasks such as lifting heavy equipment

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into vehicles, it provides coverage for multiple manual handling tasks
associated with being a soldier.

4.4.
All trade tasks are benchmarked against one of the four elements above. In
limited cases it is not possible to utilise one of the core tests and specific tests have
been developed for the following EC:

a.
Artillery Gunner (ECN 162)—a repeat lift and carry assessment based on
moving artillery ammunition which is detailed in enclosure 7.

b.
Advanced Rifleman (ECN 343)—a 1 km timed run prior to the FM assessment
and a 10 m simulated casualty drag which is detailed in enclosure 8.

PESA STANDARDS

4.5.
PESA Standards for each EC have been determined by applying job-specific
demands in addition to an assigned baseline standard. For example, a mechanic
recovery has an AC baseline PESA but requires higher strength demands, which must
be achieved during assessment.

4.6.
There are three standards which have been derived from common military
tasks that have been deemed necessary for Army personnel:

a.
All Corps (AC). The AC PESA (Level 1) is based on the requirements of
performing a range of basic military tasks in an operational environment.

b.
Combat Arms (CA). The CA PESA (Level 2) is based on the requirements of
performing a range of more physically demanding military tasks in a combat
environment.

c.
Dismounted Close Combatant (DCC). The DCC PESA (Level 3) is based on
the requirements of certain CA EC, within the trained force, to be proficient in
the most physically demanding military tasks in a combat environment.

4.7.
The PESA Standards by Corps and EC are detailed in enclosure 1 to
appendix 4.

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ENCLOSURE 2 TO
APPENDIX 4
PESA CONDITIONING INSTRUCTIONS AND PROTOCOLS
s22
Overview of assessments

4.2.
All PESA have one of two baseline standards: AC or CA.

4.3.
All PESA have four core elements and a summary of these and the AC/CA
standards are detailed in the table below:

Table D4-E2-1: PESA Standards table—Other Rank Employment Categories
Standards

Overview
AC
CA
DCC
WLM  March with load at a  5 km – 20Kg
10 km – 25 kg load  15 km – 25 kg load
rate of 5.5 km/h (11  load plus rifle
plus rifle
plus rifle
minutes per km
Time: Min 50
Time: Min 90 mins -  Time: Min 135 mins -
level 1 and 10min
mins – max 55
max 100 mins
max 150 mins
per Km level 2 and  mins
3)
FM
Complete 6 m
12 x 6 m bounds  16 x 6 m bounds
1 km move (8 mins)
bounds (every
+ 18 m leopard
+16 x 6 m bounds +
20 seconds) to a
crawl
18 m leopard crawl
cadence track

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ENCLOSURE 3 TO

APPENDIX 4
WEIGHT LOAD MARCH ASSESSMENT

4.1.
The weight load march (WLM) assessment tests the aerobic demands and
load carriage requirements across a range of tasks including patrolling, digging and
repetitive manual handling tasks.

4.2.
Timings for the WLM assessments are as follows:

a.
All-Corps (AC): 5 km in a minimum time of 50 minutes and a maximum time
of 55 minutes, carrying 20kg plus rifle

b.
Combat Arms (CA): 10 km in a minimum time of 90 minutes and a maximum
time of 100 minutes, carrying 25kg plus rifle.

c.
Dismounted Close Combatant (DCC): 15 km in a minimum time of 135
minutes and a maximum time of 150 minutes, carrying 25kg plus rifle.

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ENCLOSURE 4 TO

APPENDIX 4
FIRE AND MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT
4.1.
This assessment is a task simulation linked to the physical requirements of
performing repetitive fire and movement (FM). It assesses the ability to perform high
intensity, short duration tasks that may be expected when operating as a member of a
section in contact.

4.2.
The requirements of the FM assessment are as follows:

a.
All-Corps (AC): Complete 12 x 6 m bounds (each in 5 seconds) on a 20-
second duty cycle

b.
Combat Arms (CA): Complete 16 x 6 m bounds (each in 5 seconds) on a 20-
second duty cycle and at the completion of the 16th bound conduct an 18 m
leopard crawl in 35 seconds.

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ENCLOSURE 5 TO

APPENDIX 4
LIFT AND CARRY ASSESSMENT
4.1.
This assessment tests local muscular endurance. It is based on the
requirements of performing a stretcher carry and other muscular endurance tasks such
as admin resupply and carrying defence stores.

4.1.
The requirements of the lift and carry (LC) assessment are as follows:

a.
All-Corps (AC): wearing FO, carrying two 22 kg jerry cans or two 22 kg kettle
bells 125 m at a constant walking speed, with a 5 second rest every 25 m.

b.
Combat Arms (CA): wearing FO, carrying two 22 kg jerry cans or two 22kg
kettle bells 275m at a constant walking speed, with a 5 second rest every 25m.

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ENCLOSURE 7 TO
APPENDIX 4
ARTILLERY GUNNER LIFT AND CARRY ASSESSMENT

4.1.
This assessment is to be completed by Artillery Gunner (ECN 162) soldiers. It
reflects the physical demands, as a member of a gun detachment, moving ammunition
for a M777A2 conducting a 10 round fire for effect mission.

4.1.
The requirements of the Artillery Gunner lift and carry (LC) assessment are to:
lift and carry 10m an inert artillery round (weighing 43 kg) five times.

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ENCLOSURE 8 TO
APPENDIX 4
DISMOUNTED CLOSE COMBATANT PESA STANDARDS
4.1.
The DCC PESA is as follows:

a.
15 km weight load march (WLM)

b.
1 km best paced move followed by exactly 2 minutes rest and conduct of the
Combat Arms (CA) fire and movement (FM) assessment

c.
10 m casualty drag simulation in 10 seconds

d.
275 m (CA) lift and carry (LC) assessment

e.
35 kg box lift (BL).

4.2.
The assessments are to be completed in the above order in a single session.

Weight load march assessment

4.3.
The WLM is 15 km in Marching Order (25kg plus rifle) in a minimum time of
135 minutes and a maximum time of 150 minutes. All other guidance as per WLM
protocols.

Fire and movement assessment

4.4.
The FM assessment requires participants to complete 1 km within a time of 8
minutes followed by 16 x 6 m bounds on a 20 second duty cycle. At the completion of
the 16th bound conduct an 18 m leopard crawl in 35 seconds.
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Casualty drag assessment

4.7.
This assessment is a task simulation linked to the physical requirements of
performing a quick casualty drag to a point of immediate cover from enemy fire. It
assesses the ability to perform an explosive high intensity, short duration task which is
not covered by other elements of the PESA.

4.8.
The casualty drag assessment requires each soldier to drag a casualty
simulator (Dragmaster 5000) from a stationary start, a distance of 10 m within 10
seconds.

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Lift and carry assessment

4.14.
As per Combat Arms LC assessment protocols.

Box lift assessment

4.15.
As per usual BL assessment protocols to 35 kg.

Document Outline