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ARPANSA Style Manual Contents
ARPANSA Style Manual .............................................................................................................................. 3
Writing for your audience.......................................................................................................................... 3
4 tips to remember when communicating to a general audience .................................................................. 3
Inclusive language ..................................................................................................................................... 3
First Nations peoples ................................................................................................................................. 3
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General conventions ................................................................................................................................. 4
Italics ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Capitals - general ....................................................................................................................................... 5
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Capitals – government terms ...................................................................................................................... 5
Lists .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Links ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Dates and times ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Contractions .............................................................................................................................................. 8
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Choosing numerals or words ...................................................................................................................... 8
Percentages .............................................................................................................................................. 8
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Dashes ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Quotation marks ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Spel ing ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Referencing and attribution..................................................................................................................... 10
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In-text citation ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Reference lists ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Revision history ....................................................................................................................................... 11
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ARPANSA Style Manual
This guide aims to provide assistance with writing, editing and proofreading communication material and
documentation produced by ARPANSA.
For information on brand identity, including visual elements such as fonts, logos and colours, refer to the
ARPANSA Brand identity guidelines.
The below information has been compiled with reference to the
Australian Government Style Manual.
Writing for your audience
4 tips to remember when communicating to a general audience
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1. Use everyday words that people commonly use.
2. Keep words and phrases with special meaning to a minimum.
3. Writing style is a result of voice and tone.
o use ‘we’, ‘you’ and ‘us’ (personal and friendly) for informal communications, such as intranet
news posts.
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o use more formal language (e.g., ‘The Regulatory Service Branch is revising regulations
regarding…’) for documentation aimed at external audiences.
4. Avoid jargon, slang and idioms.
Inclusive language
Use inclusive language by choosing words that respect all people, including their rights and heritage.
The
Australian Government Style Manual includes guidance on writing appropriately and respectfully for
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people’s age, cultural and linguistic background, gender and sexuality and for those with disability.
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First Nations peoples
1. Naming protocols
ARPANSA uses the naming convention of ‘First Nations’ peoples, rather than ‘Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander’ peoples, or ‘First Australians’.
Where relevant (or possible), content creators are advised to consult with traditional owners, local elders,
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community and content experts to ensure appropriate and respectful language and naming for places,
people and other terminology.
Here are some other useful tips:
2. Respectful language use starts with the basics
Respectful language means using:
• specific terms, like the name of a community, before using broader terms
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• plurals when speaking about collectives (peoples, nations, cultures, languages)
• present tense, unless speaking about a past event
• empowering, strengths-based language.
Avoid language that can be discriminatory or offensive, including:
• shorthand terms like ‘Aborigines', ‘Islanders’ or acronyms like ‘ATSI’
• using terms like ‘myth’, ‘legend’ or ‘folklore’ when referring to the beliefs of First Nations people
• blood quantums (for example, ‘half-caste’ or percentage measures)
• ‘us versus them’ or deficit language
• possessive terms such as ‘our’, as in ‘our Aboriginal peoples’
• ‘Australian Indigenous peoples’, as it also implies ownership, much like ‘our’.
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More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
3. Acknowledgement of Country – written publications
Documents published on the ARPANSA website, or presentations for an external audience should include an
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Acknowledgement of Country in the front section. Please refer to our intranet page, ‘First Nations cultural
protocols’, for guidance. This page also contains information on the use of flags, cultural identity and other
useful information.
General conventions
• Italics
• Capitals
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• Lists
• Links
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• Dates and times
• Contractions
• Choosing numerals or words
• Percentages
• Dashes
• Quotation marks
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• Spelling
• Referencing and attribution
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Italics
Limit your use of italics to the titles of published works, such as:
• primary legislation and legal cases (not delegated legislation such as Regulations)
• books and publications
• television and radio programs
• films, videos and podcasts
• blogs.
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Examples:
Section 15 of the
Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Act 1998 (ARPANS Act) confers on the
CEO of ARPANSA a number of different functions.
The ARPANSA
Radiation Protection Standard for Occupational Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation (2006)
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(RPS. No. 12) sets exposure limits for occupational exposure to artificial and solar UVR in the workplace.
The Franklin Dam Case is the informal title of
Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1.
David Williamson’s play
Emerald City was first performed in 1987.
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
Capitals - general
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Capitalise the first word in a sentence. Use lower case for all other words, unless those words include proper
nouns (specific names of people, places and things e.g., Uluru, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Sydney Harbour
Bridge).
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Proper nouns generally have an initial capital letter for each word in the noun.
Use capitals when referencing the job title of staff members.
Example: s 22(1)(a)(ii) - Irrelevant, Assistant Director Assessment and Advice at ARPANSA, has been appointed to
the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection…
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
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Capitals – government terms
Remember to use the correct term and follow the rules for capitalising government terms.
Examples:
The Australian Government coordinates emergency management with the states.
Australian Government Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources
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For Departments and agencies, you should use initial capital letters only for the formal names of government
departments and agencies. Don’t use capital letters for generic mentions.
Example: The Department of Finance owns the policy. The department has been working on it for months.
Use an initial capital letter for ‘federal’ when it forms part of a formal name. Don’t capitalise it when it is used
as an adjective.
Examples:
The Federal Court of Australia is responsible is a superior court of record.
The Minister stated that there are a number of federal issues that need addressing.
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual
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Lists
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Don’t use a semicolon (;) at the end of each item in a bullet list.
Unless each item is a full sentence or the last item in a list, don’t use a full stop for items in bullet lists. Each
bullet item should form a full sentence with the text at the beginning of the list.
Write all list items so they have the same grammatical structure. This is called ‘parallel’ structure and it
makes lists easier to read.
Example:
Queensland is famous for its:
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• islands and coral reefs
•
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abundant wildlife
• tropical rainforest
• beautiful beaches.
For sentence lists, start each list item with a capital letter and end it with a full stop.
Example:
The committee members decided the following actions:
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1. The committee secretary will respond to each recommendation.
2. The secretary will allocate responses that need more work to members.
3. Members will discuss the recommendations at the next committee meeting on 9 March.
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
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Links
Links (hyperlinks) are words or images that users can click to go to other online content. Make sure you only
link to something if it helps meet the user’s needs.
Write link text that makes the destination clear. Links need to make sense when read out of the context of
surrounding content. Links using ‘click here’ or ‘more information’ do not give the user any information
about the destination.
Example:
Find out about our upcoming meetups on our Eventbrite page.
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Do not use: Click here to find out about our upcoming meetings.
More information in the Australian
Government Style Manual.
Dates and times
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Use numerals for the day and year but spell out the month in words.
Example: Friday 1 May 1997
If referring to a date but not specifying the month, use a number with a suffix (don’t put the suffix in
superscript).
Example: She will leave by the 20th.
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Use ‘am’ and ‘pm’ in lower case, with a non-breaking space after the number. (Use a non-breaking space
instead of a regular space if you don’t want Word to break a line at a certain space. To do this, hold down the
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Ctrl and Shift keys as you press the spacebar. Word will then not break the line at that point.)
Example: 9 am or 9:00 am
Use ‘from’ and ‘to’ in spans of years, with the exceptions of financial years and information in brackets,
such as terms of office and years of birth and death. Refer to Dashes for further information.
Example: from 2015 to 2019.
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The 2019–20 budget.
More information in the Australian
Government Style Manual.
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Contractions
Grammatical contractions join two words. They use an apostrophe to show that there are missing letters. For
example, ‘don’t’ instead of ‘do not’.
Grammatical contractions are not generally used in formal content. You can use them in less formal content
which aims to create:
• A conversational tone (for example, in an intranet news post).
• A friendly or collaborative tone (for example, in brochures and manuals).
Example:
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The department has not breached its staffing cap. [Formal high-level briefing or a response to a
parliamentary question]
The department hasn’t breached its staffing cap. [Less formal briefing or other less formal communications]
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
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Choosing numerals or words
Use numerals for 2 and above in text.
Write the numbers ‘zero’ and ‘one’ in words.
Examples:
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Only one person agreed to it.
Their aim is zero net emissions by 2050.
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There are 3 options to discuss.
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
Percentages
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Use the percentage sign next to a numeral in text. Do not use a space between numeral and percentage
sign.
Example: 15%
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
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Dashes
Spaced
en dashes can separate a clarification, an interruption, a correction, numeric spans, a short list or a
summary from the rest of the text. Do not use a minus sign for an en dash. In Word, en dashes can be
inserted by using the shortcut Ctrl + - (using the number pad minus symbol) or by going to Insert > Symbol >
More Symbols, selecting the Special Characters tab, and selecting the en dash option.
En dashes are half the width of the font height (–).
Avoid using en dashes for spans in paragraph text and headings. The exceptions to this general rule are date
ranges for financial years, terms of office and lifespan (birth and date). For specific rules on when to use 2 or
4 digits for a year, refer to the
Australian Government Style Manual.
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Examples:
Three rivers – the Murray, Darling and Murrumbidgee – were discussed in the report.
The 2019–20 budget
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5,000 – 90,000
Australia’s prime minister at the start of the Depression was James Scullin (1929–1932).
Em dashes are the same width as the font height. (—)
More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
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Quotation marks
Quote direct speech in single quote marks.
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Example: The opposition leader asked, ‘But where’s the money going to come from?’
For quotations within quotations, use double quotation marks inside single ones.
Example: He also wrote, ‘The decisions of the department for “major procurement” were always political
choices.’
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More information in the
Australian Government Style Manual.
Spel ing
Use the Macquarie dictionary to reference spelling. If the dictionary lists variable spellings, use the first
entry in the list.
Copies of the Macquarie dictionary are available on-site at Yallambie and Miranda. Please contact the
Communications team for assistance.
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Referencing and attribution
Attribute other content so users can find original sources. You must properly attribute copyright material you
cite or reference, including text, images, video and sounds. Read how to attribute Creative Commons here.
The author-date system is suitable for most content. This includes details for the author and date in the text
with a full citation in a list of references.
In-text citation
An in-text citation gives the author’s name and date of publication. Don’t separate the name and date with
a comma.
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Examples:
Jones (2017) reported similar results.
Other results were similar (Jones 2017).
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Reference lists
A reference list includes the full details of every cited work. Use the heading ‘References’.
The general order is:
1. author or authoring organisation’s name
2. publishing date
3. title (and series or issue details)
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4. publisher details
5. accessed date (for digital content).
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Use italics for the formal title of a complete published work.
Do not use italics if the reference is a book chapter, an article, a poem, an episode, or a page that is part of a
series of similar division.
If it’s part of a publication, use single quotation marks around the title and use italics for the name of the
series, book or periodical.
Use the full date of publication for works like newspaper articles and social media posts.
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Examples:
Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), 2002.
Maximum Exposure Levels to
Radiofrequency Fields – 3 kHz to 300 GHz, Radiation Protection Series; No. 3.
Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), 2020.
Guide for Classification of
Radioactive Waste, Radiation Protection Series; G-4.
Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), 2006.
Occupational Exposure to
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